Yes, it is possible to use PRESTIGE® pearlescent pigments in emulsions/ lotions, however the visible effects depend strongly on the pigment loading. If only the aesthetics of a lotion is to be improved a low pigment concentration from 0.1 – 0.6 % should be used. For more decorative effects, pigment loadings around 1 % or even 3 % are recommended.  The actual needed pigment loading strongly depends on the opacity of the skin care formulation and should be adjusted accordingly. Low concentrations are to be used in more transparent systems and higher pigment concentrations should be used in opaque systems. The use of scattering ingredients like titanium dioxide can destroy the shimmer effects.

Sedimentation of pigments could appear. Use thixotropes such as stearalkonium bentonite or fumed silica for proper suspension of pigments.

No, there are no limitations for any kind of ECKART effect pigments in nail varnish  in EU, Japan or USA.

No, for nail varnish applications, the choice of effect pigments comprises the PRESTIGE® pearlescent pigment range, METALURE® Aluminum Pigment Dispersions and with some exceptions the VISIONAIRE® metallic pigment range. VISIONAIRE® copper effect pigments are not compatible with nail polish formulations, since the nitrocellulose will cross link in the presence of these pigments. The stability of VISIONAIRE® gold effect pigments depends on the formulation and the copper content of the respective pigment. Carmine containing pigments are not recommended for nail varnish, as the carmine may fade over time under light exposure.

Yes, the PRESTIGE® Colored pearlescent pigments and VISIONAIRE®  Colored metallic pigments can be used to provide color to lipstick and lip gloss formulas as well as the Prestige® Earth Tone pigments. Pearlescent pigments will not only color the product but also provide a subtle shine, in contrast to iron oxides . Metallic pigments will not only color the product but also provide a metallic brilliance, in contrast to iron oxides.

Yes, VISIONAIRE® Bright Champagne and VISIONAIRE® Silver Sea should not be used in water containing systems.
VISIONAIRE® copper and gold effect pigments are not compatible with carbomers or similar type polymers which require neutralization. There are different other jellifying agents or pre-neutralized thickeners that can be used in combination with those VISIONAIRE® pigments like Ammonium Acryloyldimehtyltaurate/ VP Copolymer or Dehydroxanthan Gum.
For best results, add the Visionaire metallics to the alcohol, glycol, or any other water miscible solvents if present, before mixing into the water phase.
pH- value adjustments can greatly impact the stability. It is recommended to use pre-neutralized thickeners to avoid neutralization. If pH-adjustments are necessary use diluted base, preferably AMP (aminomethyl propanol) or secondary amines to increase the pH-value or diluted acid e.g. citric acid to decrease the pH-value.
The neutralizing agent should be added slowly to the formulation.

Yes and no it depends on the region. There are no limitations for aluminum and bronze/copper pigments in Europe and Japan. But aluminum pigments are not permitted for use in lip/oral applications in USA and VISIONAIRE® Bright Red 7 is not permitted for eyes/lips/face in USA due to presence of Red 7.

No, there are no limitations for pearlescent pigments in lipstick/lip gloss application in EU/Japan.
But pigments containing ferric ferrocyanide like : PRESTIGE® Sapphire, PRESTIGE® Emerald, PRESTIGE® Amethyst and PRESTIGE® Obsidian are not permitted for lip products in the USA. 

Yes, the PRESTIGE® Colored pearlescent pigments and VISIONAIRE®  Colored metallic pigments can be used to provide color to lipstick and lip gloss formulas as well as the Prestige® Eart Tone pigments. Pearlescent pigments will not only color the product but also provide a subtle shine, in contrast to iron oxides . Metallic pigments will not only color the product but also provide a metallic brilliance, in contrast to iron oxides.

For lipstick and lip gloss applications, the choice of effect pigments comprises the PRESTIGE® pearlescent pigment range as well as the VISIONAIRE® metallic pigment range.

Yes, you should avoid grinding and milling of effect pigments. If the mechanical stress to the pigments is too high, the pigment particles might break or the SiO2 layer might be removed from the pigment surface, resulting in loss of brilliance. The effect pigments always disperse very well without any grinding due to their large particle size and the virtual absence of agglomeration.

No, VISIONAIRE® Bright Champagne and VISIONAIRE® Silver Sea should only be used in anhydrous systems due to their reactivity in contact with water.
For VISIONAIRE® copper effect pigments, water-free systems are recommended as well as the addition of antioxidants especially in combination with vegetable oils.

Smaller particles (5-50 µm) create brilliant effects with very high coverage. Larger sized particles create high luster (15-70 µm) or sparkle effects (20-95 µm) with characteristic metallic shine.

There are no regulatory limitations for PRESTIGE® pigments in EU and Japan.
Pearlescent pigments > 150 µm are not permitted in the USA for the eye area according to the FDA regulations. Pearlescent pigments containing ferric ferrocyanide are not permitted in the USA for lip applications.

Yes, but with the exception of camine and ferric ferrocyanide containing pigments, which could face stability problems in water containing systems (bleeding).

Yes, there are carmine containing pearlescent pigments which do have a lower UV-stability than all other effect pigments due to the carmine.

Yes, PRESTIGE® Silver, Interference and Gold pigments are heat stable up to 600 °C. VISIONIARE® pigments,  carmine and iron blue containing pigments should only be heated  up to 100°C.

No, the VISIONAIRE® and PRESTIGE® effect pigments are not animal derived, with only one exception the carmine containing pigments.

No, all effect pigments show excellent compatibility with other cosmetic raw materials including all other pigments and dyes for use in lipstick/lip gloss formulations.

Small particles (< 25 µm) create silky and satin effects and will opacify the mass. They enhance the hiding power of formulations and provide good coverage as well. Larger sized particles (20-150 µm/20-250 µm) create high luster effects, either sparkling or dazzling, combined with very high brilliance and transparency.

Yes, you should avoid grinding and milling of effect pigments. If the mechanical stress to the pigments is too high, the pigment particles might break or the metal oxide layer might be removed from the mica platelets, resulting in loss of lustre or change in shade. The effect pigments always disperse very well without any grinding due to their large particle size and the virtual absence of agglomeration.