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What are microplastics?

Microplastics are tiny pieces of plastic debris smaller than 5 millimeters (0.2 inches) in size. They can be further categorized into two main groups: primary microplastics and secondary microplastics.

Primary Microplastics: These are plastic particles that are intentionally manufactured at a small size. An example of microplastics in cosmetics are the glitters used to create glitter effects in products such as eyeshadows, lip glosses, nail polishes, body lotions, and highlighters. These tiny plastic particles are designed to be small and released into the environment during various product lifecycle stages.

Secondary Microplastics: Secondary microplastics result from the breakdown of larger plastic items into smaller fragments due to environmental factors like sunlight, heat, wind, and water. This process is known as physical or mechanical weathering. Secondary microplastics can also form when biological processes, such as the action of microorganisms and marine life, break down plastic waste. Secondary microplastics include small fragments from plastic bottles, bags, and fishing nets.

Microplastics can be found in various environmental settings, including oceans, rivers, lakes, soils, and the air. They are a growing concern because of their potential harm to ecosystems and living organisms. Marine animals and birds can ingest these particles, leading to potential health issues. Moreover, microplastics can enter the food chain when consumed by smaller organisms, which larger animals, including humans, eat.

Efforts are underway to reduce the production and release of microplastics into the environment and to develop methods for removing them from the environment. Additionally, research is ongoing to understand microplastic pollution’s environmental and health impacts.